Rms the obtaining of Song et al. [12] regarding the presence of a thin film amongst droplets throughout dropwise condensation of steam on a steel surface. In summary, our final results show that neither nucleation theory nor film rupture theory can individually explain the mechanism of dropwise condensation. Therefore, there’s a will need to get a much more comprehensive theory to explain the physics of dropwise condensation. Future work needs to quantitatively study the parameters affecting the development with the thin-film involving droplets as well as the effect of thin-film around the heat transfer rate.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.B.A.; methodology, S.B.A.; software, S.B.A.; validation, S.B.A.; formal analysis, S.B.A.; investigation, S.B.A.; resources, C.K.C.; data curation, S.B.A.; writing–original draft preparation, S.B.A.; writing–review and editing, S.B.A., K.-B.L. and C.K.C.; visualization, S.B.A.; supervision, C.K.C.; project administration, C.K.C.; funding acquisition, K.-B.L. All authors have read and agreed towards the published version in the manuscript. Funding: This study received no Maresin 1 Protocol external funding. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
applied sciencesArticleNovel Sodium Alginate/Polyvinylpyrrolidone/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous SolutionNoha A. Elessawy 1, , Marwa H. Gouda 1 , Mohamed S. Elnouby 1 , Hoda F. Zahran 2 , Aly Hashim 1 , Mona M. Abd El-Latif 1 and Diogo M. F. Santos 3, Advanced Buformin supplier Technology and New Supplies Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria P.O. Box 21934, Egypt; [email protected] (M.H.G.); [email protected] (M.S.E.); [email protected] (A.H.); [email protected] (M.M.A.E.-L.) Atmosphere and Organic Materials Analysis Institute, City of Scientific Investigation and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria P.O. Box 21934, Egypt; [email protected] Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Components (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior T nico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal Correspondence: [email protected] (N.A.E.); [email protected] (D.M.F.S.)Featured Application: Novel SA/PVP/TiO2 nanocomposite beads can be made use of as an efficient, ecofriendly adsorbent-photocatalyst for treating cationic dye-contaminated wastewaters. Abstract: The combination of adsorption and photodegradation processes is an effective technique for the removal of dye contaminants from water, that is motivating the development of novel adsorbent-photocatalyst components for wastewater treatment. Herein, novel nanocomposite porous beads have been created working with titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanotubes embedded within a sodium alginate (SA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix applying calcium chloride answer as a crosslinker. The ready nanocomposite beads’ efficiency was examined as an adsorbent-photocatalyst for the breakdown of methylene blue in aqueous options. Several operation things influencing the dye decomposition method, like photocatalyst dosage, illumination time, light intensity, and stability were investigated. The findings demonstrated that the removal activity on the beads changed together with the TiO2 weight ratio inside the composite. It was identified that SA/PVP/TiO2 -3 nanocomposite beads presented the greatest deterioration efficiency for methylene blue dye (98.9 ). The cycling capability and reusability in the prep.