Dded drop-wise to the cells in fresh serum-supplemented DMEM medium before incubating the cells for 3 hours at 37uC with 5 CO2, after which the reagent was aspirated and replaced with 2 mL of fresh DMEM. 24 hours post-transfection, 25 mL of the culture medium was assayed for luciferase activity with 50 mL of Gaussia luciferase substrate (NEB) on an LB luminometer (Thermo Fisher). Luciferase activity was recorded as relative light units (RLU’s) and normalized for transfection efficiency using the internal control b-galactosidase activity for each experimental and control sample condition.minutes at 4uC, 1X with high salt buffer for 10 mins, 1X with LiCl buffer for 5 minutes and 2X with TE buffer for 10 minutes each). After removing the supernatant, 300 mL of 1X TE buffer and 1.5 mL of RNase A (10 mg/mL) was added to the immunoprecipitate and 10 input samples before incubating for 30 minutes at 37uC. 15 mL of 10 SDS and 3.75 mL of proteinase K (20 mg/ mL) were added and the samples incubated at 37uC 18325633 for a minimum of 4 hours. The samples were then reversed crosslinked overnight at 65uC and DNA purified using standard phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. The DNA was resuspended in 50 mL of sterile dH2O and used for PCR amplification.PCR AmplificationTwo microliters of recovered DNA from each chromatin immunoprecipitated sample was used in a PCR reaction that contained 1X PCR buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.3 mM dNTPs, 0.4 mM forward and reverse primers (-1067 KBS-Forward: 59TTTACATCTGCTTAAGTTTGCG-39 -1067 24272870 KBS-Reverse 59-TTAGAATTTGCCCTGGGACT-39, +69 KBS-Forward: 59CACACGGACTACAGGGGAGTT-39 +69 KBS-Reverse: 59CTCGGCTCTCGCTTCTGCTG-39, CpG5-Forward: 59TTTGCATTTCTATGAAAACCGG-39, CpG5-Reverse 59GCAACTTCAACAAAACTCCC-39, and CpG8-Forward: 59ACACGGACTACAGGGGAGTTTTG-39 CpG8-Reverse: 59-ATTTCGAACCCCTGGGGAGG-39 and negative controlForward: MedChemExpress Calciferol 59-CCCTCGGTGTCCTACTTCAA-39 negative control-Reverse 59-CACCACGGCAAACTTCAAAG-39), 0.5 ml of Taq polymerase (Invitrogen/Life Technologies), and sterile water to a final volume of 25 ml. The PCR conditions were as follows: initial purchase TA02 denaturation at 95uC for 5 minutes, followed by 36 cycles of denaturation at 95uC for 1 minute, annealing at 50uC for 1 minute (for the -1067 KBS), 53uC for 1 minute (for the +69 core KBS), 53.6uC for 45 seconds (for CpG5) or 58uC for 45 seconds (for CpG8) with extension at 72uC for 30 seconds, and a final extension at 72uC for 45 seconds. 10 mL of each PCR reaction were loaded onto a 1.2 agarose gel with 0.5 mg/ml EtBr, electrophoresed at 120 V for 25 minutes in 1X TAE solution and the gel imaged.Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)MCF7 and HCT 116 cells were grown to ,80 confluency and cross-linked with 1 formaldehyde in DMEM medium. The cells were placed on a belly dancer and gently shaken for 10 minutes at room temperature. Formaldehyde fixation was stopped by adding 1 M glycine to a final concentration of 125 mM and the cells rocked for 5 minutes at room temperature. The cells were washed twice with 5 mL of ice-cold 1X PBS, and harvested by scraping in 1 mL PBS containing complete Mini Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablet (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). The cells were collected in 15 mL conical tubes and pelleted by centrifugation at 4uC for 5 minutes at 2,000 rpm and the supernatants aspirated. Cell pellets were re-suspended in 2 mL of ice-cold ChIP lysis buffer (5 mM PIPES pH 8.0, 85 mM KCL, 0.5 NP-40, with protease inhibitors) and dounced ten times with a homogeniz.Dded drop-wise to the cells in fresh serum-supplemented DMEM medium before incubating the cells for 3 hours at 37uC with 5 CO2, after which the reagent was aspirated and replaced with 2 mL of fresh DMEM. 24 hours post-transfection, 25 mL of the culture medium was assayed for luciferase activity with 50 mL of Gaussia luciferase substrate (NEB) on an LB luminometer (Thermo Fisher). Luciferase activity was recorded as relative light units (RLU’s) and normalized for transfection efficiency using the internal control b-galactosidase activity for each experimental and control sample condition.minutes at 4uC, 1X with high salt buffer for 10 mins, 1X with LiCl buffer for 5 minutes and 2X with TE buffer for 10 minutes each). After removing the supernatant, 300 mL of 1X TE buffer and 1.5 mL of RNase A (10 mg/mL) was added to the immunoprecipitate and 10 input samples before incubating for 30 minutes at 37uC. 15 mL of 10 SDS and 3.75 mL of proteinase K (20 mg/ mL) were added and the samples incubated at 37uC 18325633 for a minimum of 4 hours. The samples were then reversed crosslinked overnight at 65uC and DNA purified using standard phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. The DNA was resuspended in 50 mL of sterile dH2O and used for PCR amplification.PCR AmplificationTwo microliters of recovered DNA from each chromatin immunoprecipitated sample was used in a PCR reaction that contained 1X PCR buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.3 mM dNTPs, 0.4 mM forward and reverse primers (-1067 KBS-Forward: 59TTTACATCTGCTTAAGTTTGCG-39 -1067 24272870 KBS-Reverse 59-TTAGAATTTGCCCTGGGACT-39, +69 KBS-Forward: 59CACACGGACTACAGGGGAGTT-39 +69 KBS-Reverse: 59CTCGGCTCTCGCTTCTGCTG-39, CpG5-Forward: 59TTTGCATTTCTATGAAAACCGG-39, CpG5-Reverse 59GCAACTTCAACAAAACTCCC-39, and CpG8-Forward: 59ACACGGACTACAGGGGAGTTTTG-39 CpG8-Reverse: 59-ATTTCGAACCCCTGGGGAGG-39 and negative controlForward: 59-CCCTCGGTGTCCTACTTCAA-39 negative control-Reverse 59-CACCACGGCAAACTTCAAAG-39), 0.5 ml of Taq polymerase (Invitrogen/Life Technologies), and sterile water to a final volume of 25 ml. The PCR conditions were as follows: initial denaturation at 95uC for 5 minutes, followed by 36 cycles of denaturation at 95uC for 1 minute, annealing at 50uC for 1 minute (for the -1067 KBS), 53uC for 1 minute (for the +69 core KBS), 53.6uC for 45 seconds (for CpG5) or 58uC for 45 seconds (for CpG8) with extension at 72uC for 30 seconds, and a final extension at 72uC for 45 seconds. 10 mL of each PCR reaction were loaded onto a 1.2 agarose gel with 0.5 mg/ml EtBr, electrophoresed at 120 V for 25 minutes in 1X TAE solution and the gel imaged.Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)MCF7 and HCT 116 cells were grown to ,80 confluency and cross-linked with 1 formaldehyde in DMEM medium. The cells were placed on a belly dancer and gently shaken for 10 minutes at room temperature. Formaldehyde fixation was stopped by adding 1 M glycine to a final concentration of 125 mM and the cells rocked for 5 minutes at room temperature. The cells were washed twice with 5 mL of ice-cold 1X PBS, and harvested by scraping in 1 mL PBS containing complete Mini Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablet (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). The cells were collected in 15 mL conical tubes and pelleted by centrifugation at 4uC for 5 minutes at 2,000 rpm and the supernatants aspirated. Cell pellets were re-suspended in 2 mL of ice-cold ChIP lysis buffer (5 mM PIPES pH 8.0, 85 mM KCL, 0.5 NP-40, with protease inhibitors) and dounced ten times with a homogeniz.