D DNA. Within the field of biomedicine, applications in three dimensional cell cultures, tissues or in vivo are of special interest and GNOME laser transfection might provide an excellent tool for molecular delivery in these settings. LY-2409021 web However, such samples could necessitate utilization of near infrared wavelengths to allow deeper laser penetration into 25033180 the sample and detailed investigations on the AuNP transport into dense cell structures.Supporting InformationFigure S1 Electron microscopical images of 200 nm gold nanoparticles after irradiation with different radiant exposure. At the highest radiant exposure (70 mJ/ cm2) melted clusters of particles occur. A: control, B: 20 mJ/cm2, C: 70 mJ/cm2. (TIFF) Figure S2 The optimal values for radiant exposure for different scanning velocities were plotted against the get hPTH (1-34) pulses per point for the given velocity (see also dotted line in Fig. 3a). A power function has been fitted to the data. The resulting exponent is b = 20.378. This can be interpreted as a coefficiency 
of k = 2.65 in the power-law function EN = E1*N(21/k), where EN = threshold pulse energy for N pulses and E1 = single pulse threshold energy [48,49]. Absorption of three photons at a wavelength of 532 nm would yield an energy of 6.99 eV, which is enough to overcome the ionization energy of water (6.5 eV) [50], thus this finding supports the appearance of multiphoton ionization described by Kalies and Birr et al. [41]. (TIFF) Figure S3 Calculation of the near field enhancement around a 200 nm gold sphere during irradiation at 532 nm in water. The color scale represents the electric field enhancement |E|2/|E0|2. The calculation was performed using the MATLAB package developed by Dr. Schaefer (http://www. mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/36831-matscat) [43]. (TIFF)Gold Nanoparticle Mediated Laser TransfectionAcknowledgmentsThe authors thank S. Willenbrock for her experimental support. The authors are also grateful to Dr. L. Koch, A. Deiwick and Dr. S. Schlie for their excellent technical assistance.Author ContributionsDonated cell line: HME. Conceived and designed the experiments: DH M. Schomaker SK M. Schieck AH. Performed the experiments: DH M. Schomaker SK M. Schieck RC. Analyzed the data: DH M. Schieck RC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HME TR HM AH. Wrote the paper: DH HM.
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide and is responsible for about one third of all cases of heart failure [1,2]. Due to the fact that the myocardium has only limited regenerative abilities, the myocardial mass lost as a result of MI is replaced by fibrous tissue. As a compensatory mechanism to the 1527786 loss of muscular mass, by cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis, the remaining myocardium increases its mass by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and tissue remodelling processes (e.g. left ventricular (LV) dilatation). Myocardial remodelling is further based on inflammation, migration and proliferation (e.g of fibroblast) as well as deposition of fibrotic material. Clinical manifested myocardial remodelling could – to some extent-be viewed as useful, but is often not only not sufficient to re-establish cardiac performance, but even contributes to post-MI heart failure [3]. Accordingly, the goal of recent treatment strategies in MI therapy is the induction of “reverse remodeling”, meaning the improvement of ventricular function e.g. by increasing the ejection fraction and the stimulation of angiogenesis.D DNA. Within the field of biomedicine, applications in three dimensional cell cultures, tissues or in vivo are of special interest and GNOME laser transfection might provide an excellent tool for molecular delivery in these settings. However, such samples could necessitate utilization of near infrared wavelengths to allow deeper laser penetration into 25033180 the sample and detailed investigations on the AuNP transport into dense cell structures.Supporting InformationFigure S1 Electron microscopical images of 200 nm gold nanoparticles after irradiation with different radiant exposure. At the highest radiant exposure (70 mJ/ cm2) melted clusters of particles occur. A: control, B: 20 mJ/cm2, C: 70 mJ/cm2. (TIFF) Figure S2 The optimal values for radiant exposure for different scanning velocities were plotted against the pulses per point for the given velocity (see also dotted line in Fig. 3a). A power function has been fitted to the data. The resulting exponent is b = 20.378. This can be interpreted as a coefficiency of k = 2.65 in the power-law function EN = E1*N(21/k), where EN = threshold pulse energy for N pulses and E1 = single pulse threshold energy [48,49]. Absorption of three photons at a wavelength of 532 nm would yield an energy of 6.99 eV, which is enough to overcome the ionization energy of water (6.5 eV) [50], thus this finding supports the appearance of multiphoton ionization described by Kalies and Birr et al. [41]. (TIFF) Figure S3 Calculation of the near field enhancement around a 200 nm gold sphere during irradiation at 532 nm in water. The color scale represents the electric field enhancement |E|2/|E0|2. The calculation was performed using the MATLAB package developed by Dr. Schaefer (http://www. mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/36831-matscat) [43]. (TIFF)Gold Nanoparticle Mediated Laser TransfectionAcknowledgmentsThe authors thank S. Willenbrock for her experimental support. The authors are also grateful to Dr. L. Koch, A. Deiwick and Dr. S. Schlie for their excellent technical assistance.Author ContributionsDonated cell line: HME. Conceived and designed the experiments: DH M. Schomaker SK M. Schieck AH. Performed the experiments: DH M. Schomaker SK M. Schieck RC. Analyzed the data: DH M. Schieck RC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HME TR HM AH. Wrote the paper: DH HM.
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide and is responsible for about one third of all cases of heart failure [1,2]. Due to the fact that the myocardium has only limited regenerative abilities, the myocardial mass lost as a result of MI is replaced by fibrous tissue. As a compensatory mechanism to the 1527786 loss of muscular mass, by cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis, the remaining myocardium increases its mass by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and tissue remodelling processes (e.g. left ventricular (LV) dilatation). Myocardial remodelling is further based on inflammation, migration and proliferation (e.g of fibroblast) as well as deposition of fibrotic material. Clinical manifested myocardial remodelling could – to some extent-be viewed as useful, but is often not only not sufficient to re-establish cardiac performance, but even contributes to post-MI heart failure [3]. Accordingly, the goal of recent treatment strategies in MI 
therapy is the induction of “reverse remodeling”, meaning the improvement of ventricular function e.g. by increasing the ejection fraction and the stimulation of angiogenesis.