L frequency (appropriate). (PDF)Author ContributionsConceived and made the experiments: MJA MSK. Performed the experiments: MJA JJB. Analyzed the data: MJA GLN JJB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MJA GLN JJB NJK FCPH MSK. Wrote the paper: MJA MSK.
THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 288, NO. 31, pp. 22670 2680, August 2, 2013 2013 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.Arabidopsis Ferritin 1 (AtFer1) Gene Regulation by the Phosphate Starvation Response 1 (AtPHR1) Transcription Element Reveals a Direct Molecular Hyperlink amongst Iron and Phosphate HomeostasisSReceived for publication, May well 1, 2013, and in revised kind, June 19, 2013 Published, JBC Papers in Press, June 20, 2013, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M113.Marc Bournier, Nicolas Tissot, St hane Mari, Jossia Boucherez, Eric Lacombe β-lactam Inhibitor site Jean-Fran is Briat, and Fr ic Gaymard1 From the Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moleculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004, Agro-M/CNRS/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universite Montpelier II, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France as well as the �Department of Plant Resistance to Pests, IRD, 911 av Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceBackground: Physiological evidences have linked phosphate and iron nutrition in plants. Outcomes: Both PHR1 and PHL1 interact with AtFer1 promoter area and regulate its expression in an iron-independent manner. Conclusion: A molecular hyperlink exists involving the handle of iron and of phosphate homeostasis. Significance: PHR1 and PHL1 play a critical Nav1.1 Inhibitor review function in the regulation of each phosphate and iron homeostasis. A yeast one-hybrid screening permitted the choice of PHR1 as a factor that interacted with all the AtFer1 ferritin gene promoter. In mobility shift assays, PHR1 and its close homologue PHL1 (PHR1-like 1) interact with Element two of your AtFer1 promoter, containing a P1BS (PHR1 binding web page). Inside a loss of function mutant for genes encoding PHR1 and PHL1 (phr1 phl1 mutant), the response of AtFer1 to phosphate starvation was absolutely lost, showing that the two transcription aspects regulate AtFer1 expression upon phosphate starvation. This regulation will not involve the IDRS (iron-dependent regulatory sequence) present in the AtFer1 promoter and involved in the iron-dependent regulation. The phosphate starvation response of AtFer1 will not be linked to the iron status of plants and is especially initiated by phosphate deficiency. Histochemical localization of iron, visualized by Perls DAB staining, was strongly altered in a phr1 phl1 mutant, revealing that each PHR1 and PHL1 are major variables involved inside the regulation of iron homeostasis.As a result of its redox properties, iron is a big cofactor for many proteins involved in lots of biological processes such as photosynthesis or respiration. On the other hand, its ability to effortlessly achieve or drop electrons makes it highly reactive with oxygen and potentially toxic. This duality of iron imposes a tight regulation of its homeostasis to allocate a sufficient quantity for metabolism and to stop an excess deleterious for cell integrity. Plants have evolved numerous methods to retain iron homeostasis, like checkpoints of its absorption, allocation, and chelation. In this context, the current identification of a number of transcription issue cascades activating iron uptake in response to iron deficiency represented a significant breakthrough This operate was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (.