P5 8.two 0.4a 11.9 10.four 13.five 0.8c 0.6b 0.5d Plant height (cm) 91 six.5a 104 101 115 4.3b 4.9ab eight.1c Root length (cm) 14.1 0.4a 17.six 16.two 19.4 0.7c 0.4b 0.8d Root dry weight (g) 1.three 0.09a 1.eight 0.14c 1.5 0.11b two.0 0.19cPathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Detection within the RhizosphereA real-time PCR assay was employed to identify the population of FOC in rhizosphere soil at the end of the experiments. The results indicated that the application of strain B2 or P5 alone drastically suppressed the population of FOC in rhizosphere soils, which was lowered by 74.0 and 30.five in comparison with the CK remedy, respectively (Figure eight). The B2 + P5 treatmentTreatments: CK, without any microbial treatment; B2, inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B2; P5, inoculation with Pleurotus D1 Receptor Antagonist Formulation ostreatus P5; B2 + P5, coinoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens B2 and P. ostreatus P5. Mean values and standard deviations are listed. Diverse letters within a column indicate considerable differences (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) among treatments.Frontiers in Microbiology | frontiersin.orgAugust 2021 | Volume 12 | ArticleWang et al.Co-application of Bacteria and FungusFIGURE 8 | Effect of different remedies around the population of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) in rhizosphere soil at 60 days just after transplanting. Treatments: CK, without the need of any microbial remedy; B2, inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B2; P5, inoculation with Pleurotus ostreatus P5; B2 + P5, co-inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens B2 and P. ostreatus P5. Various letters above each and every bar indicate considerable differences (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) amongst treatments. TABLE four | Phenolic acids inside the soils of four therapies following harvesting the cucumber plant. Treatment Concentration ( g-1 ) HA CK B2 P5 B2 + P5 78.3 3.4d 58.9 four.7c 46.0 25.4 three.3b three.7a VA 36.7 3.2d 30.9 1.3c 25.two 19.6 2.3b 1.0a FA 53.six 2.1d 45.1 two.7c 34.4 15.4 two.0b 1.6a CA 19.7 0.9d 16.two 1.3c 12.8 7.two 1.3b 0.8a BA 25.two 1.8d 22.1 1.2c 18.six 11.0 1.1b 1.3a Total 213.six 8.6d 173.1 5.8c 136.9 6.7b 78.5 three.5aHA, p-hydroxybenzoic acid; VA, vanillic acid; FA, ferulic acid; CA, p-coumaric acid; BA, benzoic acid. Mean values and standard deviations are listed. Various letters within a column indicate significant differences (p 0.05; Duncan’s test) among remedies.at 60 days soon after transplanting. Disease incidence was drastically positively correlated with FOC and contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, and total phenolic acids (p 0.05; Figure 9).DISCUSSIONIn this study, an antagonistic B. amyloliquefaciens B2 was isolated from rhizosphere soil sample of cucumber plants. The physiological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of your 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequences confirmed that strain B2 was B. amyloliquefaciens. The isolation of Bacillus species from several crops’ rhizosphere soil has been CYP1 Inhibitor supplier extensively studied (Abdallah et al., 2018). Strain B2 created substantial amounts of IAA (42.7 ml-1 ), which could enhance root growth and allow the plant to uptake far more nutrients from soil. Substantial amounts of in vitro IAA production by B. amyloliquefaciens have also been documented by Abdallah et al. (2018) and Daraz et al. (2020). The production of siderophores by strain B2 may possibly play an important role in advertising plant development by giving Fe towards the plant and by limiting the Fe availability to pathogens. Yu et al. (2011) also located that the Bacillus subtilis CAS15 created a s