The new post-Soviet republics, whereas the composition of migration flows changed
The new post-Soviet republics, whereas the composition of migration flows changed within the 2000s to non-Russian labor migrants [39,40]. This shift was triggered by two modifications: extra liberal policies to grant work permits to non-ethnic Russian citizens of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and also the better overall performance of JPH203 Technical Information Russia’s economy compared to the other economies within the region; see [41] and references therein to get a bigger discussion. Within this regard, we highlight that requirements for acquiring function permits have changed more than time, both in policy and in implementation; see e.g., [42,43]. Additionally, many research showed that most labor migrants from the CIS countries are illegal, resulting from government limits around the quantity of admitted migrants, complex procedures for obtaining legal status, and incentives for employers to hire undocumented migrants rather than follow these procedures; see [43,44]. This lack of legal status has stimulated a business in fake documents and an array of techniques to prevent deportation by the authorities; see [45,46]. A large body of literature discusses how migrants from CIS countries learned of opportunities to migrate thanks to their connections with other migrants or family/friends in Russia (normally known as “migrant networks”); see [41] and references therein. Demintseva and Peshkova [47], Demintseva and Kashnitsky [48], and Demintseva [49] showed that social networking sites–such as Odnoklassniki.ru and VKontakte.ru–are amongst one of the most essential means of communicating by foreign migrants, and they’re actively utilized when looking for accommodation and function. Bedrina et al. [50] lately provided a detailed econometric analysis of Uzbek migration networks in Russia. Timoshkin [51] additional analyzed the entire spectrum of digital migration networks, and suggested that the accomplishment of those digital platforms is because of the complexity of official interfaces to communicate with state facts nodes (e.g., regulations, job descriptions, normative acts), which make them unsuitable for communicating at a appropriate level. As a consequence, Timoshkin [51] suggests that these “migrant” digital platforms–such as social media and also other info webpages–have grow to be an “instrument that compensates for the technological imperfection from the state info hubs”. Abashin [52], Chudinovskikh and Denisenko [53], and Denisenko et al. [54] provide huge historical surveys and analyses of labor migration within the post-Soviet territories. two.2. Google Trends and Its Applications in Migration Analysis Ettredge et al. [55] have been amongst the initial to discuss web-based search data to predict macroeconomic statistics. Due to the fact then, the analysis scope has expanded to several different other applications due to the seminal paper by Choi and Varian [3], which proposed the use of Google Trends information in quite a few fields, which includes automobile sales, travel organizing, customer confidence, and lots of other individuals. Numerous central banks have analyzed the suitability of Google Trends for predicting economic fundamentals; see, as an example, [56,57]. Google Trends information have been widely utilized inside the fields of fertility, mortality, and migration. With FAUC 365 Description regard to fertility, Billari et al. [58] discovered that online search queries could reveal the intention to have a kid within the coming months and, as such, could be applied to improve the forecasting energy of classic demographic models. Mortality analysis in creating nations has benefited from employing mobile phone information t.