Tage program (HSEA-1000, TSL Options Co., Ltd., Japan) was applied, as well as the heating stage was mounted on a SEM sample stage.A sheet sample was cut from the middle part of an as-built rod sample by utilizing wire electric discharge machining to the size of five mm 7 mm 1 mm (length width thickness). The thickness path corresponds for the construct path. A single surface of the sample was polished by a typical system having a final step, applying 0.04 colloidal silica particles.Metals 2021, 11,five ofThe temperature was measured by thermocouples attached towards the surface with the sample as shown in Figure 4a. Heat patterns used inside the experiment are shown in Figure 4b. The heating price was about 2 C/s, which is about eight times quicker than the HIPPO experiment. The temperature changed in measures and also the microstructure was scanned at each and every temperature. As soon as the temperature reached every target worth, the EBSD pattern was obtained. As a result of thermal expansion, the sample moves inside the heating stage, specially when the temperature is altering. Hence, ahead of obtaining EBSD patterns, the sample position was adjusted, working with a SEM sample stage, ensuring the observation area to be the identical throughout the complete measurement. The EBSD datasets were subjected to a clean-up procedure, making use of neighbor self-confidence index (CI) correlation having a minimum CI of 0.05, followed by a single iteration of grain dilation with a minimum grain size of 5 pixels for the in situ measurements and grain tolerance angle of five . After the clean-up method, misindexed data were replaced together with the neighbor information that had a larger CI, and just about every data point was recognized as getting element of a grain using a minimum grain size from the designated pixel numbers. The fraction of Ziritaxestat Description points changed in each and every information set was significantly less than two . The EBSD information evaluation was performed, utilizing an OIM evaluation software program version 5.three.1 (EDAX Inc., Markham, ON, Canada). For the ex situ EBSD measurement ahead of heating, an area of 2000 2000 was scanned using a step size of 1.0 , and inside the in situ measurement, an area of 400 400 was scanned having a step size of 0.four . From the EBSD evaluation, pole figures had been constructed by a series expansion of generalized spherical harmonics, using smoothing parameters with Gaussian half-width of 10 , and plotted with an equal region projection process.Figure four. (a) Heating stage for SEM/EBSD. (b) Sample temperature as a function of time through SEM/EBSD measurement.three. Model for Transformation Texture Formation The texture transformation upon phase transformation was modeled primarily based on so-called double Burgers orientation relation (DBOR) as proposed in the literature [35]. In DBOR, the variants that satisfy BOR:0001 //011 , 1120 // 111 [36], in which there are actually 6 and 12 variants in and transformations, respectively, or relationship close to to it (up to about 10 degrees of deviation allowed) preferentially nucleate and grow. Two varieties of development modes were regarded. 1 is that DBORMetals 2021, 11,six ofvariants nucleated on grain boundaries develop into the parent grain with which the variants hold BOR, as well as the growth is confined within the parent grain equivalent for the martensite transformation (see Figure 5a). The second mode is a lot more extended in which the DBOR variants grow not just by the migration from the coherent interfaces, but also by semi-coherent or FAUC 365 custom synthesis incoherent interfaces into the grains with which they hold only near-BOR and even no orientation relation (EDBOR) as shown in Figure 5b.Fi.