Mperature loss of molten steel is often calculated. Q t T = = (12) mC p mCP exactly where: T would be the temperature difference of molten steel, C; Q is definitely the total heat transferred by OSS, J; m may be the quality of molten steel, kg; CP will be the particular heat capacity of molten steel, J/kg C; t will be the time of a furnace age below functioning situations, s. The drop rate of molten steel temperature may be calculated by Formula (13). V = T t (13)exactly where: V is definitely the drop price of steel molten temperature, C/min; T is the temperature difference of molten steel, C; t is the time of a furnace age under operating situations, s. Associated parameter values are shown in Table 7.Table 7. Related parameter values for Formulas (12) and (13). Parameter m t CP (1600 C) Value 0.717 106 W 1.30 105 kg 5400 s 0.837 103 J/kg CTo sum up, in a furnace age, the test ladle saves 16.67 C of molten steel temperature loss than the Bromonitromethane web comparison ladle. The calculated results of the Tasisulam sodium mathematical model are extremely close for the 18.eight C drop of steel water temperature measured in Reference [40], the primary explanation for the distinction of two.13 C is that the thermal conductivity of the insulation layer is 0.042 W/mK, ladle walls transfer heat outward immediately. The molten steel drop rate of your test ladle is 0.18 C/min reduced than the comparison ladle (see Appendix A for calculation procedure of temperature loss of molten steel).Coatings 2021, 11,13 of3.2.two. Measuring Result Table 8 shows the actual measured drop price of steel molten temperature.Table 8. Actual molten steel temperature drop rate. Steel Ladle Condition Comparison ladle Test ladle Comparison ladle Test ladle(a) (d)A (a) (Furnace Age) Early stage (10) later stage (5100)N (b) (Furnace) 24 23 18T (c) ( C) 1585.four 1583.1 1584.9 1585.T (d) ( C) 1577.1 1576.six 1577.2 1579.T (e) (min) 15.four 15.7 14.eight 15.( C/min) 0.54 0.41 0.52 0.V (f)The stage of steel ladle; (b) Total number of steel ladle furnaces collected; (c) Typical temperature of molten steel after soft blowing; Typical temperature of molten steel on continuous caster platform; (e) Temperature measurement interval. (f) Temperature drop price of molten steel.It could be seen from Table 8, when the steel ladle furnace age is ten, the temperature drop rates of comparison ladle and test ladle are 0.54 C/min and 0.41 C/min, respectively, the difference temperature drop prices of is 0.13 C /min. when the steel ladle furnace age is 5100; the temperature drop rates of comparison ladle and test ladle are 0.52 C/min and 0.40 C/min, respectively, the distinction temperature drop prices of is 0.12 C /min. For that reason, when the steel ladle furnace age is one hundred, the temperature drop price from the test ladle might be 0.12.13 C/min reduced than comparison ladle. As outlined by the calculating model, the molten steel drop rate of your test ladle is 0.18 C/min reduce than the comparison ladle within a furnace age. The difference of molten steel temperature drop price involving test ladle and comparison ladle is 0.05.06 C/min decrease than obtained by calculation model. The cause is that the thermal insulation effect in the test ladle is far better than comparison ladle, the heat loss in the ladle wall is small, the molten steel temperature is high, and the heat loss with the ladle slag layer and bottom is higher than the comparison ladle. Having said that, in the mathematical calculation model, the heat loss in the slag layer as well as the ladle bottom isn’t viewed as, only the heat loss of ladle wall is considered [41]. three.three. Cost Comparison In the produc.