Uk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan 54596, Jeollabukdo, Korea; [email protected] Division of Ecology Landscape ArchitectureDesign, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan 54596, Jeollabukdo, Korea Correspondence: [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (J.S.J.); Tel.: 82638500737 (H.M.); 82638500744 (J.S.J.)Citation: Jeon, Y.D.; Lee, J.H.; Kang, S.H.; Myung, H.; Jin, J.S. Lingonberry Fruit Ethanol Extract Ameliorates DSSInduced Ulcerative Colitis In Vivo and In Vitro. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 7955. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app11177955 Academic Editor: Giovanna Traina Received: 6 August 2021 Accepted: 27 August 2021 Published: 28 AugustAbstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic intestinal illness with pathological characteristics, such as imbalanced immune function and also the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis element (TNF), interleukin (IL)1, and IL6) had been oversecreted in UC situation. Cyclooxygenase (COX)2 and prostaglandin (PG)E2 have been also overexpressed in colon tissue. Lingonberry (LB) (Vaccinium vitisidaea L.) possesses pharmacological activities, which includes antioxidant, anticancer, and antiobesity effects. To discover LB’s effects on UC, BALB/c mice have been administered with 3 (w/v) dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and LB extract (70 ethanol) orally for nine days. The severity of UC was measured by the modify in physique 1H-pyrazole supplier weight and colon length. To evaluate LB’s regulatory impact on inflammatory cytokines, the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was applied to measure the inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum. Mouse peritoneal microphages were used to detect LB’s antiinflammatory impact. The outcomes showed that LB therapy ameliorated significantly less fat reduction and longer colon length compared to the DSStreated group. LB remedy also ameliorated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. These outcomes indicated that LB has possible as an herbal medicine to treat UC. Search phrases: lingonberry; ulcerative colitis; inflammation; nitric oxide; dextran sulphate sodium1. Introduction Inflammatory intestinal illnesses, which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), have a high reoccurrence ratio. These ailments trigger chronic abnormal inflammation in intestinal tissues [1]. Dietary habits, genetics, and irregular lifestyles like anxiety variables, alcoholism, or drug abuse enhance a person’s probability of creating UC [2]. UC is definitely an growing global overall DL-Leucine supplier health difficulty, however tiny is recognized about its etiology. At present, researchers recognize that UC is characterized by localized inflammatory symptoms inside the submucosa or mucosa and inflammation inside the huge intestine [3]. Big clinical symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight-loss, and bloody stool causing inflammatory cell infiltration and colon length shortening. These symptoms may cause the life quality for UC individuals to deteriorate [4]. If left untreated, UC can cause additional complications, including colorectal cancer or peritonitis [5]. To prevent these secondary complications, remedy is required. Regardless of there becoming tiny identification on the etiological causes of UC, many therapies for instance 5aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) agents, immunosuppressive agents, and corticosteroids are out there, but their unwanted effects involve nausea, fever, and a loss of appetite.Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.C.